Teenage Suicide Homicide Trends Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Conditions of living or work can be considered as potential reasons for the above differentiation. Towards the same direction, in research made by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention it has been found that ‘a white juvenile between ages 7 and 17 was nearly 1.5 times more likely to commit suicide than to be murdered, while black youth were almost 7 times more likely to be murdered than to commit suicide’ (Youth Violence Research Bulletin, 2004). The research of Grunbaum et al. (2002 in Judge & Billick, 2004) suggests that White and Hispanic adolescents (19.7 and 19.4%, respectively) are more inclined to consider suicide in comparison to Black adolescents (13.3%). In the case of homicides, juveniles also have many chances to be attacked to the point of death. More specifically, in accordance with the data presented in Figure 1 below the percentage of juveniles that were homicide victims was extremely high in 1994 while afterwards it was gradually declined reaching in 2002 a relatively low level. Figure 1 – Juvenile homicide victims, 1980-2002, USA (source: Statistical Briefing Book. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Suicide & Homicide Trends or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now 2007) To a more accurate explanation (in terms of data involved) of Figure 1 above, it is noticed in Statistical Briefing Book (2007) that ‘homicides of juveniles peaked in 1993 at 2,900; the number of juvenile homicide victims in 2002 was 44% below the 1993 peak, reaching its lowest level since 1984; juveniles represented about 10% of all murder victims in 2002; in 2002, 36% of murdered juveniles were female, 45% were black’. In accordance with the above data, race can be considered as a criterion when evaluating homicides and suicides in juveniles. As for the criterion of age, this is represented in Figure 2 below where it is made clear that in juveniles the number of victims both by suicide and by homicide presents a continuous growth until the age of 18. However, it should be noticed that the rate in the relevant increase is higher regarding suicides than homicides. In fact the difference between these two categories is high as it can be observed in Figure 2 below. However, it should be noticed that the data presented below refers to juveniles that are White and Non-Hispanic. This notion is of particular importance if Figure 2 is compared with Figure 3 in the next page. Figure 2 – Victims by age, White-Non Hispanic, 1990-2004, USA (source: Statistical Briefing Book. 2007) Figure 3 – Victims by age, Black -Non Hispanic 1990-2004, USA (source: Statistical Briefing Book.

Use Of Paralanguage And Kinesics In Everyday Life Essay

Use of Paralanguage and Kinesics in Everyday Life nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The use of kinesics and paralanguage in everyday life is the most prominent use of persuasion we use subconsciously. They are used subconsciously because you may not know what they mean. Which can cause cultural tension if you do something that may seem harmless to you but may be a great insult to another culture. Paralanguage has many forms such as whistling which can be used by many people as a means of entertaining by whistling a song or even in American culture used to hound women on the streets because they appear to be attractive. These two uses of persuasion I will discuss about in my paper. I will discuss the history of both and also how they are†¦show more content†¦The four basic kinds are: approach, withdrawal, expansion, and contraction. Approach referred to such things as attention, interest, scrutiny, and curiosity. Withdrawal involved drawing back or turning away, refusal, repulsion, and disgust. Expansion referred to the expanded chest, erect trunk and head, and raised shoulders, which conveyed pride, conceit, arrogance, disdain, mastery, and self-esteem. Contraction was characterized by forward trunk, bowed head, drooping shoulders, and sunken chest. Studies have identified postural behavior with personality types and ways of life, for example relaxation, assertiveness, and restraint; and have noted the correlation of certain kinds of movement in sleeping and waking acts. Posture is a substantial marke r of feminine and masculine behavior. The relationship of posture to sex gestures is obvious in the stereotypes in U.S. advertising. Posture is an indicator of status and rank and is also a marker of etiquette. In a study of Roman sculpture and coinage, Brilliant demonstrates that posture identifies the noble and the peasant. In Western culture one was taught to stand when an elderly person enters the room. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The face seems to be the most obvious component of body language, but it is certainly the most confusing and difficult to understand. Modern studies of facial expressions dates back to the nineteenth century, starting with Charles Bell, who in 1806, published EssaysShow MoreRelatedUse of Paralanguage and Kinesics in Everyday Life2271 Words   |  10 PagesUse of Paralanguage and Kinesics in Everyday Life The use of kinesics and paralanguage in everyday life is the most prominent use of persuasion we use subconsciously. They are used subconsciously because you may not know what they mean. Which can cause cultural tension if you do something that may seem harmless to you but may be a great insult to another culture. Paralanguage has many forms such as whistling which can be used by many people as a means of entertaining by whistling a song orRead MoreCommunication Is Fundamental For Forming Human Relationships1304 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication is fundamental for forming human relationships and those relationships are formed by effective communication. Everyday we share information and knowledge with our families, friends, coworkers, and sometimes create new relationships with strangers. People communicate with one another to express their thoughts and emotions, and as a result, helps us to understand the ideas and feelings of others. In Season 2, Episode 14 of the comedy The Real O’Neals, â€Å"The Real Heartbreak,† Kenny goesRead MoreThe Importance of Non-verbal Commuincation1099 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication is an aspect of everyday life. People communicate both verbally and most importantly non-verbally. Verbal communication involves words whereas non-verbal communication consists of everything else but words. Moreover, ther e are different non-verbal concepts. These include haptics, refering to touch; proxemics, involving space and kinesics, which refers to gestures. Non-verbal communication is considered more meaningful and powerful because it communicates what the mouth does not. Non-verbalRead More Cultural Differences in Nonverbal Communication Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesFirstly, this essay will prove how kinesics can create barriers between people as types of nonverbal cues differ amongst cultures. It will then show that paralinguistics can be based on cultural expectations and this can create stereotyping in cross-cultural communication. Turning to haptics, it will then show that different perspectives on haptics can cause problems in a cross-cultural context. Finally, it will prove that because of different cultural norms, the use of proxemics can be misinterpretedRead MoreWhat Messages Can We Observe Nonverbally?2420 Words   |  10 Pagesfacing a certain way in the elevator, moving or m aking room when passing someone, smiling apologetically for almost bumping into someone. Why are norms important? Norms are important because it helps to keep people grounded, in such a way so as to use discipline for actions dictated by laws, and social expectancies. Without norms, people would be running wild no guidelines for a standard, acting purely out of instinct than rational thought. These disciplined laws and social expectancies are placedRead MoreVerbal and Nonverbal Communication11225 Words   |  45 Pages Verbal and Nonverbal Communication When we are attempting to transfer our meaning to another person, we use three different modes, methods, or channels to carry our intentions. We use these modes to tell people who we are, how we experience the world, and the meaning we attach to our experience. We communicate verbally and nonverbally, and often with mixed signals or noise. When two persons, A and B, are attempting to communicate with each other, their communication is distorted by their personalitiesRead MoreVygotsky Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pageslifelong process that was influenced by social interaction with family, teachers, and friends in the cultural community surrounding the student. He emphasised the instruments that specific cultures provide to maintain thinking, and the idea that children use the instruments they’re given to build their own comprehension of the physical and natural world. He named this the Zone of Proximal Development. Vygotsky defines this as the distance between the actual development level as determined by independentRead MoreFinal Exam Sample Questions Chp 1-7 Essay2232 Words   |  9 PagesExam Answer Sheet is due by Friday, 1/21/11 at midnight--no exceptions. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The real meaning of relationships is usually made up from: a.|everyday talk and nonverbal communication| b.|dramatic events that occur outside of the relationship| c.|emotional challenges that happen inside the relationship| d.|the advice we get from other friends| e.|the advice we get from experts in the fieldRead MoreDrama as a Means of Improving the Advocacy Skills of Non-English-Speaking-Background Students3423 Words   |  14 Pageslimited kinesics, e.g., non-vocal or paralinguistic behaviour (gestures, expressions, etc.) rarely visible; show little animation; limited eye-contact; 6. Use limited prosody, e.g., intonation, stress, rhythm in voice not very noticeable; voices generally soft and monotonous. On a gender basis, the above are even more pronounced in the case of female students. With time, and with regular exposure during their working years as lawyers to the sort of oral interaction and paralanguage normallyRead MoreYves Rocher in Japan4057 Words   |  17 PagesJapanese have a strong team spirit, that’s why it’s really important for Japanese employees to have a defined group’s identity, cohesion and objectives on their workplace. * Traditions, respect of nature and beauty play a big role in the every day life of Japanese residents. That’s why the environmental commitment of Yves Rocher must be a notion explained to the employees, to federate them to the brand. * A high level of education is culturally crucial for the Japanese. A large number of employees

Aquatic Ecosystem free essay sample

B. KARTHIK CLASS C E. V. S PROJECT Problems nutrients, such as nitrogen in the form of nitrates and ammonia can intensify this fertilizing effect, especially in nutrient poor rivers in remote areas as well as estuaries or coastal areas. * runoff from land cleared for agriculture, especially where fertilizers and manure have been applied in quantities that exceed nutritional requirements of crops * runoff from forestry and urban expansion * industrial emissions to soils and water (e. g. ulp and paper and mining) municipal and household wastewater discharge, including septic systems lown dust from bare soils. Excess phosphorus can result in abundant growth of aquatic plants. This can lead to a shift in the assemblages of fish and invertebrates toward less desirable species, including pollution tolerant ones which may include invasive species. blue green algae can form blooms under certain conditions, such as high nutrient loadings and warm temperatures, and cause unpleasant taste and o dour problems in drinking water. Some of these bacteria can release toxins in the water which can pose health risks to humans and animals Decaying and unsightly algal and aquatic plant growths an also clog intake pipes and impair navigation reducing the aesthetic and recreational value of aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, fish kills can occur as a result of concurrent declines in dissolved oxygen. THE END Wetlands, rivers, lakes, and coastal estuaries are all aquatic ecosystems†critical elements of Earths dynamic processes and essential to human economies and health. Wetlands connect land and water, serving as natural filters, reducing pollution, controlling floods, and acting as nurseries for many aquatic species. Rivers, lakes, and estuaries serve as important transportation, recreation, and wildlife hubs. Coral reefs deliver ecosystem services to tourism, fisheries and shoreline protection. The annual global economic value of coral reefs was estimated at IJS$ 375 billion in 2002. However, coral reefs are fragile ecosystems, partly because they are very sensitive to water temperature. They are under threat from climate change, oceanic acidification, blast fishing, cyanide fishing for aquarium fish, overuse of reef resources, and harmful land-use practices, including urban and agricultural runoff and water pollution, which can harm reefs by encouraging excess algal growth. [5[6] 7] The banks of many estuaries are amongst the most heavily populated areas of the world, with about 60% of the worlds population living along estuaries and the coast. As a result, many estuaries are suffering degradation by many factors, including sedimentation from soil erosion from deforestation, overgrazing, and other poor farming practices; overfishing; drainage and filling of wetlands; eutrophication due to excessive nutrients from sewage and animal wastes; pollutants including heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, radionuclides and hydrocarbons from sewage inputs; and diking or damming for flood control or water diversion. ] Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, comparable to rain forests and coral reefs. An immense variety of species of microbes, plants, insects, amphibians, reptiles, birds, fish, and mammals can be part of a wetland ecosystem. Physical and chemical features such as climate, landscape shape (topology), geology, and the movement and abundance of water help to determine the plants and animals that inhabit each wetland. The complex, dynamic relationships among the organisms inhabiting the wetland e nvironment are referred to as food webs. Wetlands play an ntegral role in the ecology of the watershed. The combination of shallow water, high levels of nutrients, and primary productivity is ideal for the development of organisms that form the base of the food web and feed many species of fish, amphibians, shellfish, and insects. Many species of birds and mammals rely on wetlands tor t , water, and shelter, especially during migration and breeding. Wetlands microbes, plants, and wildlife are part of global cycles for water, nitrogen, and sulfur. Furthermore, scientists are beginning to realize that atmospheric maintenance may be an additional wetlands function. Wetlands store carbon within their plant communities and soil instead of releasing it to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Thus wetlands help to moderate global climate conditions. Coral reefs are underwater structures made from calcium carbonate secreted by corals. Coral reefs are colonies of tiny animals found in marine waters that contain few nutrients. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups. The polyps belong to a group of animals known as Cnidaria, which also includes sea anemones and Jellyfish. Unlike sea anemones, coral polyps secrete hard arbonate exoskeletons which support and protect their bodies. Reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated waters. often called rainforests of the sea, coral reefs form some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. They occupy less than 0. 1% of the worlds ocean surface, about half the area of France, yet they provide a home for 25% of all marine including fish, mollusks, worms, crustaceans, echinoderms, sponges, tunicates and other cnidarians. [4] Paradoxically, coral reefs flourish even though they are surrounded by ocean waters that provide few nutrients. They are most commonly found at shallow depths in tropical waters, ut deep water and cold water corals also exist on smaller scales in other areas. An estuary is a partly enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. [l] Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environments and are subject to both marine influences, such as tides, waves, and the influx of saline water; and riverine influences, such as flows of fresh water and sediment. The inflows of both sea water and fresh water provide high levels of nutrients in both the water olumn and sediment, making estuaries among the most productive natural habitats in the world. 2] Most existing estuaries were formed during the Holocene epoch by the flooding of river-eroded or glacially scoured valleys when the sea level began to rise about 10,000-12,000 years ago. [3] Estuaries are typically classified by their geomorphological features or by water circulation patterns and can be referred to by many different names, such as bays, harbors, lagoons, inlets, or sound s, although some of these water bodies do not strictly meet the above definition of an estuary and may be fully saline. The ecosystem of a river is the river viewed as a system operating in its natural environment, and includes biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions. [1][2] River ecosystems are prime examples of lotic ecosystems. Lotic refers to flowing water, from the Latin lotus, washed. Lotic waters range from springs only a few centimeters wide to major rivers kilometers in width. [3] Much of this article applies to lotic ecosystems in general, including related lotic systems such as streams and springs. Lotic ecosystems can be contrasted with lentic ecosystems, which involve relatively still terrestrial waters such as lakes and ponds. Together, these two fields form the more general study area of freshwater or aquatic ecology. The following unifying characteristics make the ecology of running waters unique from that of other aquatic habitats. [4] * Flow is unidirectional. * There is a state ot continuous physical change. * There is a high degree of spatial and temporal heterogeneity at all scales (microhabitats). * Variability between lotic systems is quite high. * The biota is specialized to live with flow conditions.

Hybrid electric car/Plug-in Hybrid electric car Essays - Transport

Hybrid electric car/Plug-in Hybrid electric car This hybrid' sounds vague to a layman. For cars, it refers to a petrol-electric powertrain. Hybrid cars are powered by a combination of electricity stored in batteries and petrol stored in a tank. The most interesting thing is that such a car can charge its own batteries using the petrol engine. Although some petrol engines are just used to recharge the batteries so a s the electric motors are powered. The best example is the sporty BMW i8. There could be a future need to increase the sources of power for such vehicles. For example, the solar energy especially for car use in tropical areas . There is need to improve on the millage before recharge . The government ought to give incentives to promote the hybrid cars since they face stiff competition for cheaper alternatives among full petrol engine vehicles. The government can also promote research through funding to explore on the use of solar power to charge the batteries. https://www.nap.edu/read/21784/chapter/6#65 https://tec.ieee.org/newsletter/november-2013/do-we-need-federal-government-policies-to-promote-the-adoption-of-electric-vehicles https://www.moneycrashers.com/hybrid-cars-pros-cons/ Fully electric NEV (Neighborhood Electric Vehicles) An electric car runs on, and is charged up' with, electric power alone. An electric car is refueled with electricity only through recharging only and not via other fuel. The electricity is stored batteries for use by the electric motors to drive the car's wheels. Unlike in hybrid cars, the electric cars have petrol engines. This diffusion of these vehicles to others will perhaps be contributed to by the convenience they offer over short distances. Apart from golf carts, the could efficient when undertaking small tasks like shopping in vicinity of even movements around an industry. The diffusion however, is affected by the safety questions, huge grid demands (electricity) and ability for such cars to be customized for consumer preferences. The government ought to diversify the sources of electricity to cover for huge grid demand. It also should facilitate and enhance the use of such vehicles regulations. https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/04/f21/nev_tech_spec.pdf https://www.technologyreview.com/s/518066/could-electric-cars-threaten-the-grid/ https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2015/09/more-towns-are-falling-in-love-with-golf-carts/406081/